碘化丙啶（Propidium Iodide，PI）是一种常用的细胞核荧光染料，作为一种溴化乙锭（EB）的类似物，能够嵌入碱基之间实现与DNA结合。这种结合没有或者几乎无序列倾向性，大约每4-5个DNA碱基对结合一个染料。PI也能与RNA结合，需要用核酸酶处理来区分DNA和RNA染色。水溶液中PI的最大激发/发射波长是493/636 nm。一旦与核酸结合，荧光信号明显增强20-30倍，最大激发波长向红色波段迁移~30-40 nm，最大发射波长向蓝色波段迁移~15 nm，从而使其最大激发/发射波长变为535/617 nm。PI的摩尔吸光系数相对比较低，但是其具有足够大的斯托克司频移来同时检测核酸DNA和荧光标记抗体，只需要使用恰当的滤片。PI适用于荧光显微镜，共聚焦显微镜，流式细胞仪以及荧光计分析。
PI不能穿透细胞膜而被排斥在活细胞外，但是可以穿过破损的细胞膜而对核染色。利用这一特性，通常与Calcein-AM、Hoechst 33258或 Hoechst 33342等活细胞荧光探针一起使用，同时对活细胞和死细胞染色和鉴定，用于细胞凋亡相关的研究。也可以用作多重荧光染色的复染剂，兼容于各种细胞标记技术，包括直接或者间接的荧光抗体检测，mRNA原位杂交，细胞结构特异性的荧光探针检测法以及组织染色。PI的单独染色也可以进行细胞周期的检测。
本品是溶于水的PI 储存液，浓度为1mg/mL，只需用合适的缓冲液稀释到工作液即可。
| 英文同义名（English synonym） | 2,7-Diamino-9-phenyl-10(diethylaminopropyl)-phenanthridium iodide methiodide. |
| CAS号（CAS NO.） | 25535-16-4 |
| 分子式（Formula） | C27H34I2N4 |
| 分子量（Molecular Weight） | 668.4 |
| 外观（Appearance） | 暗红色结晶 |
| 纯度（Purity） | ≥95% by HPLC |
| 溶解性（Solubility） | 溶于水（1 mg/mL） |
| 荧光光谱 （Fluorescence Spectral） | 水溶液，PI的Ex/Em= 493/636 nm；PI-核酸的Ex/Em= 535/617 nm；荧光可用氙气灯，泵弧灯或者488 nm氩离子激光激发。通常情况下，用流式细胞仪的FL2通道检测。 |
| 结构式（Structure） |
冰袋（wet ice）运输。4 ºC避光保存，至少1年稳定。
Q：客户想找红色染料，染死细胞的细胞核，有什么推荐？
A：40710PI 染液或者 40745 7-AAD 染液都可以。
Q：sigma 的碘化丙啶替代品有吗？
A：可以。
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